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      • 定語從句歸納總結(jié)

        時間:2022-07-02 23:28:06 總結(jié)范文 我要投稿
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        定語從句歸納總結(jié)

          定語從句,一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定,就叫做定語從句。在主句中充當(dāng)定語成分。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。

        定語從句歸納總結(jié)

          一.幾個基本概念

          1.定語從句的定義:用作定語的從句叫定語從句。

          2.先行詞:被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。

          3.定語從句的位置:緊跟先行詞(名詞或代詞)之后。

          4.引導(dǎo)詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞(包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞)。

         。1)關(guān)系代詞:that/who/whom/which/as

         。2)關(guān)系副詞:when/where/why

          5.引導(dǎo)詞的位置:位于定語從句之前(先行詞之后)!綼s除外】

          6.引導(dǎo)詞的功能(作用):

          (1)連接先行詞和定語從句。

         。2)在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分(關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)主語或賓語,關(guān)系副詞充當(dāng)狀語)。

          7.定語從句的類型:

         。1)限定性定語從句(主句和定語從句之間無逗號)。

          ① 直接由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句

          The man who you’re talking to is my friend.

         、 由介詞+關(guān)系代詞(whom/which)引導(dǎo)

          The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.

          I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

          =I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.

          介詞的選用可根據(jù)從句中的相關(guān)詞組確定,該介詞通?梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前,也可放在從句之尾。例如:

          The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.

          =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.

          The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.

          =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.

         。2)非限定性定語從句(主句和定語從句之間用逗號隔開)。

         、 直接由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。

         、 由介詞+關(guān)系代詞(whom/which)引導(dǎo)。

          I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.

          There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.

          This is the man to whom I gave the book.

         、 由“代詞/名詞+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名詞/代詞”(先行詞指

          人用whom,指物用which)引導(dǎo)。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等詞、數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)或百分比與of whom或of which連用。

          He has five children, two of whom are abroad.

          (比較:He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)

          We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.

          (比較:We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)

          除why和that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句外,其余引導(dǎo)詞都可以,用法同限定性定語從句一樣。但要注意以下區(qū)別。

          1.在形式上非限定性定語從句與主句有逗號隔開。

          2.非限定性定語從句的作用:它只是補(bǔ)充說明先行詞的情況,翻譯時可譯成兩個句子。

          The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.

         。俏还こ處煴缓芸焖屯t(yī)院,其腿部受了重傷)

          The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.

          (那位腿部受了重傷的工程師被很快送往醫(yī)院)

          3.在非限定性定語從句中,任何引導(dǎo)詞都不能省略(包括引導(dǎo)詞在此定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語在內(nèi))。指人做主語時只能用who, 做賓語時用whom;

          指物做主語,賓語都用which; 關(guān)系副詞用when或where,也不能省略。

          The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.

          The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.

          The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful.

          He went to America, ______ his parents live.

          He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.

          4.whose引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句:

          The house, whose window faces south, is mine.

          =The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.

         。絋he house, of which the window faces south, is mine.

          二.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的基本用法

          1.who/that指人是主格在定語從句中代替先行詞,又作定語從句的主語,不能省略。

          Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?

          2.whom/who/that指人是賓格,在定語從句中代替先行詞,又作定語從句的賓語(動賓或介賓)。

         、 當(dāng)作動賓(動詞后接賓語)時,關(guān)系代詞可省略。

          Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?

         、 當(dāng)作介賓(介詞后接賓語)時:

          介詞不提前時,關(guān)系代詞可省略;

          介詞提前時,關(guān)系代詞不可省,即介詞+whom(指人時介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用whom)。

          The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.

          The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.

          ※注:固定的動詞短語(動詞+介詞)如look for, take care of等不能把動詞與介詞拆開,既介詞不能提至引導(dǎo)詞前。

          She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.

          3.whose: 指人或物,是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語(動賓或介賓)即先行詞的什么東西怎樣了,whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.

          I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. (主語)

          He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. (動賓)

          The boss in whose company I work is very kind. (介賓)

          4.which/that 指物,指代先行詞且在定語從句中作主語或賓語(動賓或介賓)。

         、 當(dāng)作動賓時,關(guān)系代詞可省略。

          ② 當(dāng)作介賓時:

          介詞不提前時,關(guān)系代詞可省略;

          介詞提前時,關(guān)系代詞不可省,即介詞+which(指物時介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用which)。

          The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.

          The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.

          The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.

          The games in which the young men competed were difficult.

          ※注:介詞+關(guān)系代詞即介詞+whom/which(先行詞指人用whom,指物用which)。

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